Undernutrition occurs when people do not absorb (or eat) enough nutrients to cover their needs for energy and growth, or to maintain a healthy immune system. Micronutrient deficiencies are a subcategory of undernutrition and occur when the body lacks one or more micronutrients, such as iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin A or folate. These deficiencies often affect growth and immunity or give rise to clinical conditions such as anaemia, hypothyroidism or xerophthalmia. Undernutrition is an important underlying cause of illness and death in developing countries, especially among women and young children – probably contributing to more than half the deaths among under fiveyearolds. Ill persons eat less, absorb fewer nutrients, lose nutrients (e.g. in diarrhoea), and have increased nutrient needs, infections raise the risk of undernutrition. The period during which undernutrition has the most severe consequences that often cannot be fully reversed is from conception until the age of two years. The Government of India has launched several programs to converge the growing rate of undernutrition children. They include ICDS, NCF, National Health Mission. This comprehensive book gives a broad overview of the problems caused due to undernutrition and integrated efforts taken by the governments, public and private institutions collectively. It will be a helpful reference book for all who want to learn and enhance their information related to undernutrition and health problems in India and the world.