Medical education is related to the practice of being a medical practitioner; either the initial training to become a physician (i.e., medical school and internship), or additional training thereafter. Medical education and training varies considerably across the world. Various teaching methodologies have been utilised in medical education, which is an active area of educational research. Entry-level medical education programs are tertiary-level courses undertaken at a medical school. There is a growing call for health professional training programs to not only adopt more rigorous health policy education and leadership training, but to apply a broader lens to the concept of teaching and implementing health policy through health equity and social disparities that largely affect health and patient outcomes. This book provides a balanced overview of the “why” of medical education, emphasizing the need for change and adaptation, and the “how”, by demonstrating the way concepts and theories of medical education can be of immediate benefit to the medical teacher.